With its tropical climate and terrain, Thailand is the perfect environment for many snakes as well as other reptiles and animals. There are more than 200 species of snakes living, whether they be severe venom, mild venom, or non-venomous. They can be seen everywhere, both on land and in water.

So, if you are scared of snakes, and this has given you second thoughts about visiting Thailand, read on.

This article will share some useful information about snakes in Thailand and the most common snakes you are likely to see. We’ll also answer the popular questions that people worry about and some tips guide to avoiding snakes.

So, don’t cancel your flight ticket just yet, here’s your Thailand snake survival guide. Let’s start with the basics.

Does Thailand have big snakes?

With so many species of snake in Thailand, it is natural that some are going to be of a large size. The biggest of all is the reticulated python (งูเหลือม), which is estimated to have a length range of 1.5 to 6.5 meters (or almost 10 meters). Although they are non-venomous snakes, they are considered dangerous to human beings. Especially for children or to adults while sleeping.

More interestingly, besides real snakes, it is believed that there are mythical giant snakes in Thailand known as “Naka or Naga.” (To learn more about this story, check out our Naka Cave Guide.) 

11 Most Common Snakes in Thailand

Let’s look at these in more detail…

1. Mangrove Snakes

Mangrove snakes or “งูปล้องทอง (Gold-ringed cat snake)” (Scientific name: Boi Dendrophila) are medium-sized snakes of a 1.8 to 2.4-meter length.

Their distinctive feature is that they have a black head and body with a continuous small yellow ring across the black color. This is why they are known as the “Gold-ringed cat snake.” They are mildly venomous snakes that are not life-threatening to humans, however, they can cause pain and swelling. According to The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), they are a minor concern. (Source, Source)

Habitat:

The mangrove snakes are widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia. They are mostly found in Southern Thailand. Most of their habitats are humid forests and even mangrove forests with relatively high humidity. These snakes are aggressive and nervous. But are solitary and nocturnal ambush predators. They rest on the branch of a tree during the day and hunt at night.

Diet:

The mangrove snakes hunt a wide variety of prey. Reptiles (including other snakes), birds, and small mammals (such as rodents) are their main diet. While young-aged or some small-sized snakes prefer to forage frogs, lizards, and slugs.

2. King Cobras

King Cobras, or “งูจงอาง, งูเห่าดง” (Scientific name: Ophiophagus Hannah), are the longest venomous snakes in the world. They can reach up to 7 meters, and live about 20 years.

Interestingly, the King Cobras are not considered the true cobra, but they are a separate genus. They are the only snakes that remain with their eggs until they hatch.

Considering their size, they actually move quite quickly. A bite from them has the power to kill a bigger Thailand animal, such as an elephant. They are considered very dangerous to humans and deadly snakes that should be avoided in Thailand at all costs. (Source, Source)

Habitat:

King Cobras can be found throughout Asia, including India, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and of course, Thailand. They prefer to live near lakes, rivers, swamps, and streams in dense or open forests, bamboo thickets, and dense mangrove forests.

More interesting, there is such a place in Khon Kaen named “King Cobra Village,” where almost every household owns or pet King Cobra. It has the King Cobra Show consisting snake dancing and boxing between king cobra and man and also and historical exhibitions about them. (Source)

Diet:

The King Cobras primarily feed on cold-blooded animals such as other snakes (Ophiophagus), but may also eat eggs, frogs, small mammals, and reptiles. However, they rarely hunt rodents and lizards.

3. Black and White Spitting Cobras

The Black and White Spitting Cobras or “งูเห่าพ่นพิษสยาม” (Scientific name: Naja Siamnsis) are also called the Thai spitting cobra.

Their distinctive feature is a black body, which is why sometimes they are referred to as black snakes. They are a medium-sized cobra, averaging 1 to 1.2 meters long. Although in rare cases, they can grow up to 1.5 meters long.

They are nocturnal; if they are spotted during the daylight, they will appear timid and make their way to the nearest burrow. However, at night, they are more aggressive, spitting venom at threats.

If this venom gets into the eyes, the pain will be immediate, and victims may experience temporary or permanent blindness. (Source)

Habitat:

The Black and White Spitting Cobras can be found throughout Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, and Burma. They can live in a range of habitats such as lowlands, hills, and woodlands. They can also be found throughout jungles, and even in human settlements due to an abundance of rodents.

Diet:

They tend to feed on rodents (such as small rats), toads, other snakes, and small animals (such as birds, lizards, and fish).

4. Sumatran Spitting Cobra 

There are many Spitting Cobras (of the Naja genus) in Thailand – the Sumatran Spitting Cobra or Equatorial Spitting Cobra (งูเห่าทองพ่นพิษ), the Siamese Spitting Cobra or Thai Spitting Cobra (งูเห่า) and the Black and White Spitting Cobras (งูเห่าพ่นพิษสยาม).

The Sumatran Spitting Cobras or Equatorial Spitting Cobras or “งูเห่าทองพ่นพิษ” (Scientific name: Naja sumatrana) are a medium-sized snake. They average between 0.9 and 1.2 meters in length, although they can grow to up to 1.5 meters.

They have no hood marks and the color can vary depending on the location. For example, in Thailand, they are yellow, and in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and the Philippines, a black form is found. That is why they are also called black snakes. This is a poisonous snake in Thailand that possesses postsynaptic neurotoxic venom. (Source)

Habitat:

The Sumatran Spitting Cobras are found in equatorial Southeast Asia. They can be found at elevations of 1500 meters above sea level, and in tropical forests. They can sometimes also be found in human-populated areas, such as parks and gardens.

Diet:

Like other cobras, they are terrestrial and diurnal snakes that feed on rodents, frogs, lizards, and small mammals, as well as other snakes. Interestingly, they can control rat populations on plantations or agricultural areas.

5. Reticulated Pythons

The Reticulated Pythons, or “งูเหลือม” (Scientific name: Malayopython reticulatus) are a python species native to South and Southeast Asia.

The Reticulated Pythons in Thailand are considered to be the longest and biggest species of snake in the world, estimated to have a length range of 1.5 to 6.5 meters. They are also among the three heaviest, with a weight range of 1 to 75 kilograms. They are non-venomous snakes in Thailand but they can be dangerous to humans. Besides this species, another two species of Python (family: Pythonidae) are found: Burmese Pythons (งูหลาม) and Brongersma’s Blood Python (งูหลามปากเป็ด). (Source, Source)

Habitat:

They can be found in rainforests, woodlands, and nearby grasslands. They can also be found near water and are known to be excellent swimmers. 

Diet:

Reticulated pythons are ambush predators. They can wait patiently for their prey until they are within striking range. Considered one of the giant snakes in Thailand, it kills by constriction. It can consume primates, pigs, and deer. They have also been known to eat chicken, cats, and dogs when near human habitation.

6. Keeled Rat Snakes

The Keeled Rat Snake or “งูสิงหางดำ, งูบองหมาบควาย” (Scientific name: Ptyas carinata) are species of colubrid snake.

They are found throughout Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Cambodia, India, Vietnam, and Singapore. Adults of the Keeled Rat Snake are measured to be 1.20 to 2.75 meters. The maximum reported size is 4 meters in length. (Source, Source)

Habitat:

Keeled Rat Snakes mostly live in lowland and hilly moist forests, dry forests, plantations, and rice fields.

Diet:

They are opportunistic predators, feeding on a variety of prey. This may include rodents, lizards, frogs, other snakes, and other small mammals.

7. White-Bellied Rat Snakes 

The White-Bellied Rat Snakes or Brown Rat Snake, or “งูสิงทอง” (Scientific name: Ptyas fusca), are also species of colubrid snake.

Ranging from brown to red in color, they are found in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore.

They are well-known as hooded snakes. They remain still and hold their neck erect when disturbed, then move very fast and ready to bite – an aggressive posture. But most of the time, they will try to flee when encountered. (Source)

Habitat:

The white-bellied rat snakes can be found in forested areas to areas around water, lakes, and rivers. In the residential area, they can be found in water culverts, walking trails, or even in the garden 

Diet:

The white-bellied rat snakes feed on frogs, lizards, fish, and occasionally birds. 

8. Black-Banded Sea Snakes

The Black-Banded Sea Snakes, or Brown-Lipped Sea snakes, or “งูสมิงทะเลปากดำ” (Scientific name: Laticauda laticaudata) are a venomous species of sea-snake found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

They are also commonly known as the Chinese Sea Snake or Erabu. They can reach a total length (including tail) of 1.7 meters. They have long and slender bodies, which can help them forage on the reef and corals in search of their prey. (Source)

Habitat:

This species can be found in the warm waters of the western Pacific Ocean (such as India, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, Andaman Islands, coasts of Malay Peninsula, Japan, Solomon Islands, etc.).

Diet:

Being too slow to chase fish in open water, the Black-banded Sea Snake hunts for fish by hiding in coral reefs. Their main diets are eels and small fish, which they catch and paralyze with their venom before swallowing them.

9. Puff-faced Water Snakes

The Puff-faced Water Snake or “งูหัวกระโหลก, งูเหลือมออ” (Scientific name: Homalopsis buccata) are another species found in Asia. They have a distinctive appearance with a banded pattern and usually reach 1 meter in length. They use a mild venom from a grooved rear fang to subdue prey. (Source)

Habitat:

Puff-faced Water Snakes can be found from northern Sumatra to Salanga Island, Indonesia, and Borneo. It is present on the Malaysian peninsula and in extreme southern Thailand. In the wild, they live in various water habitats such as rivers, lakes, ponds, swamps, rice fields, and brackish water. They hide in burrows and crab holes during the day.

Diet:

They feed on tilapia, guppy, catfish, swamp eel, and various other small fish. They also eat various species of frog and freshwater crustaceans. 

10. Green Snakes

Snakes vary in colors depending on the environment they have adapted to, likewise green snakes adapting to bushes and trees.

Green Snakes or “งูเขียวพระอินทร์, งูเขียวดอกหมาก” (Scientific name: Chrysopelea ornata) ranges from 1.15 to 1.30 meters in length. They have a flattened head with a slim neck, a blunt nose, and large eyes with circular pupils.

Green snakes in Thailand are not poisionous. Many people believe that green snakes are dangerous, but in fact not all of them have venom. In Thailand, only the vipers are venomous and are not aggressive to humans. They are reluctant to attack and would rather slither away. (Source, Source)

Habitat:

They can be found in rainforests, open forest areas, grassy areas, meadows, marshes, plantations, gardens, and even in houses. Sometimes, they are found on the ground or climbing in bushes.

Diet:

The green snake feeds on small rodents, geckos, bats, bird eggs, and other lizards. They are also insectivores, including worms, crickets, moths, caterpillars, spiders, and grasshoppers.

11. Red Snakes 

The Red Snake or “งูสามเหลี่ยมหัวแดง” (Scientific name: Bungarus flaviceps) is black or dark gray in color. As you would expect by the name, the head and tail are bright red (but can be orange).

They grow to be about 2 meters long. They are active both during the day and at night. They are not known to be aggressive. However, they are very venomous and deadly.

They are one of the most venomous snakes on the planet and are considered among the top three of the most venomous snakes in Thailand. (Source)

Habitat:

In Thailand, Red Snakes are only found in the southern Thailand provinces from Ratchaburi and Southward. They are typically found in lowlands and hilly rainforests. 

Diet:

Red Snakes are carnivores and have a wide range of diets, such as frogs, toads, lizards, eggs, birds, rodents, and other snakes.

Where to Find Snakes in Thailand?

In Thailand, snakes can be found all over the country, and they live in a wide variety of habitats, such as forests, swamps, grasslands, and woodland. Most of their habitats tend to be wooded areas below 2,000 height and often near water sources, in both fresh and salt water.

However, some snakes can be seen in Thailand near residential areas, such as in basements, on wall ledges, around stored boxes and clothing piles, near water pipes, and in confined areas with dark spaces.

There are two ways if you really intend to see or study snakes in Thailand: 

1. Visit natural places, whether it be forests, parks, waterfalls, beaches, or even go trekking or hiking on nature trails.
2. Visit the natural museums, especially the reptile and snake zone. This place is suitable for those who want to study snakes in particular.

However, if you are one who has a fear of snakes or does not want to encounter any snakes, you should avoid these places.

How Likely Are You to See a Snake in Thailand?

If you travel around a big city like Bangkok, walk around the street in a crowded town, or go shopping at the department stores in Thailand, the chance of seeing snakes is very low.

If you visit the countryside or some natural places such as mountains, waterfalls, beaches, national parks, gardens, or any fields, the chance of seeing snakes is more than being around the city. Therefore, the possibility to see snakes in Thailand depends on where you visit.

Let’s consider these places (and situations) in more detail:

Will I See Snakes in Bangkok?

The chances of encountering snakes at tourist attractions in Bangkok are very low. However, it is possible to see snakes in Bangkok’s residential areas during Thailand’s rainy season.

According to the latest statistical data, from January to July 2022, over 22,000 snakes were found in houses in areas of Bangkok. This is an average of 53 times a day (or more than twice an hour) over a 7-month period. The most common species found were pythons, cobras, and green snakes.

However, in 2021, more snakes were found in Bangkok – over 40,000, in fact. (Source, Source)

Are There Snakes in Phuket?

Phuket is a home of some species of snakes, both venomous and non-venomous, living on land and ocean. However, you’re more likely to see snakes during their breeding season (around November to January). (Source, Source)

Besides encountering wild snakes, there is an interesting place –”Phuket Cobra Show and Snake Farm,” located inside the Phuket Shooting Range. This snake farm has around 50 different types of snakes and also has the King Cobra show, which aims to entertain, educate, and provide useful information about snakes. (Source)

Does Koh Samui Have Snakes?

Koh Samui has snakes, both venomous or non-venomous. However, nothing to worry about as most of the identified snakes are not aggressive to humans (unless you offend them first).

Besides wild snakes, there is “Snake Farm Ko Samui” which is a snake and reptile zoo. Most of them are contained in cages and terrariums, which is completely safe. It also has different species of snakes presented on the show, especially the King Cobra and the Python. (Source)

Will I See Snakes in My Hotel Room in Thailand?

In general, by hotel standards, the chances of encountering snakes in Thailand hotels for tourists is very low. However, if you visit the countryside and stay in a waterfront hotel, or any hotel near the mountains, forest, within a park area, or even by the seashore, it is a possiblility.

Whatsmore, if you leave windows or doors in your hotel room open, the chances increase. It’s probably best to stick to that air conditioner at night time!

Do Snakes Come out of Toilets in Thailand?  

Seeing snakes in Thailand toilets is always shocking news but there is a small chance of such events. Moreover, in fact, not only can snakes really come up a toilet pipe, but also other small animals like rats, frogs, and cockroaches. The latter is more likely to happen.

Are There Snakes in Thailand’s Rivers?

There are more than 25 species of water snakes in Thailand that live in rivers, water, swamps, marshes, or any humidity places. The most common water snakes seen in Thailand are the Puff-faced Water Snakes, Crab-Eating Water Snake, Glossy Marsh Snake, Yellow-Bellied Water Snake, Rainbow Water Snake, Mekong Mud Snake, and Martaban Water Snake, to name a few. (Source)

How to Avoid Snakes in Thailand?

As tourists, the best way to avoid snakes is to understand their nature and all sort of places they live in.

Keep in mind these easy ways to protect yourself from snakes in Thailand: (Source)

1. Don’t pose a threat to them

Most snakes would rather avoid a human than encounter humans unless they feel insecure. Therefore, it would be better to avoid threatening or fooling around them. 

2. Be aware of your surroundings

Most snakes prefer to hide or camouflage themselves, such as under rocks, under wood piles, in trees, in the shrubbery, and inside hollow logs. Therefore, do not overlook leaf litter, sticks, and plant piles when walking among the thick vegetation.

3. Learn about their behaviors

All sort of snakes has similar behaviors when it comes to fighting or protecting themselves. Therefore, it would be beneficial to learn more about, whether it be their threatening posture or how they attack to stay safe. Know this will help you understand how to react and reduce the risk of being harmed by them.

Here is a simple yet reassuring video by the Wildlife Center of Virigina on what to do if you see a snake:

Are There Venomous (Poisonous) Snakes in Thailand?

Thailand is home to more than 200 species of snakes, half of which have been identified as venomous snakes. The neurotoxic snakes can be classified into four genera: Naja (cobra snakes), Bungarus (krait snakes), Ophiophagus (king cobra snakes), and Calliophis (sea snakes). While the tissue and hemotoxic snakes belong to the family Viperidae: Crotalinae (green snakes) and Viperinae (viper snakes). (Source) 

Are Snake Bites Common in Thailand?

Fortunately, the risks of being experienced or attacked by any snakes are quite low. According to the Bureau of Epidemiology, the average number of snakebites from venomous snakes within the last 10 is 7,723 cases per year, and this likely to decline every year.

Whatsmore, the chances of being bitten by a snake that is venemous enough to pose a threat to humans is really low. Therefore as a tourist or ex-pat living in Thailand, you should be cautious but not concerned.

However, the chance is quite high for Thai farmers. This can cause serious morbidity but very low mortality because competent treatment is widely available throughout Thailand. There are also vaccines that are effective enough for patients. (Source, Source)

What Is the Deadliest Snake in Thailand? 

In spite of abundance of venomous snakes in Thailand, only seven of them are listed as the deadliest snakes: Black and White Spitting Cobras, King Cobras, Banded Krait, Malayan Krait, Russell’s Viper, Malayan Pit viper, and White-lipped Pit Viper. Some of them are rarely seen, while some are worryingly common, especially King Cobras.

Conclusion

Thailand is home to many species of snakes, both venomous and non-venomous. However, you have nothing to worry about as most of the common snakes are not aggressive and threaten humans (unless you offend them first).

Moreover, according to statistics, even the rate of death from being bitten by poisonous snakes is extremely low because efficient treatment is widespread throughout Thailand. More importantly, for a safe and smooth trip, it would be better to learn more about how to protect yourself from snakes!

If you encounter a snake, you can call 199 or 1677 for emergency services. Or in the unlikely event that you are bitten by a snake, you can call for health emergency at 1669, which is the general hotline in Thailand.

Like always, if you want to discover more about Thailand, stay guided with ThaiGuider. You might learn something you never knew about this unique country.

▸ Scared of creepy crawlies too? Check out our articles on “Does Thailand Have Lots of Spiders?” and “Thailand Black Tarantula Guide.”

The post Are There Lots of Snakes in Thailand? (Should You Worry) appeared first on ThaiGuider.

Thailand may not be the biggest country, but it is home to an incredible array of living organisms and their ecosystems. Approximately 10% of the world’s animals live there. And with one-third (previously two-thirds) of its land being rainforest, as you would expect, Thailand is an excellent habitat for spiders. So, yes, these exotic, creepy crawlies are here. (Source)

It is estimated that there are 700 – 1,200 species of spider in Thailand. However, the likelihood is that the number in nature is much higher. This is because not all species have been collected and studied. The remaining are yet to be officially identified. Spiders also come in various sizes depending on the species.

Curious to learn more? Whether you are nervous or excited about the prospect of encountering spiders in Thailand – the good news is you’ve come to the right place.

This guide will cover the most common species of spider you could bump into, the risks involved if you do, and some safety advice.

But first, let’s get this out of the way:

Does Thailand Have Poisonous Spiders?

Some species of spiders possess venom, while others do not. And even though their venom is poisonous, it is designed to be deadly or paralyze their prey, such as insects or small animals. Their venom is not considered poisonous to humans. Severe symptoms, such as toxicity, injury, or death, are extremely rare unless the patient suffers a severe allergic reaction.

Whatsmore, if you avoid Thailand’s forest areas, the chances of encountering a dangerous spider are very low. They are also non-aggressive, so the possibility of being bitten by one is even lower.

The 9 Most Common Types of Spiders in Thailand 

But if you do run into a spider during your trip, it will probably be one of these:

Does this look like a scary list? Time for some exposure therapy…

1. Banana Spider

Banana Spiders are also known as “Golden-Silk Orb Weavers” or “Golden Silk Spiders” because of the golden color of their silk. The female spiders have a large size (around 55 mm) while males are smaller (6 mm) in body size. Both of them have distinctive red-brown and yellow colors. (Source)

Habitat:

The preferred climate of the golden-silk orb weaver is hot and humid. However, they are more commonly found in the forest – leisurely hanging in their web along walking trails or deeply secluded areas.

Diet:

Banana Spiders are good predators. They build large, asymmetrical circular webs (which may be up to 0.5 meters in diameter) attached to trees and low shrubs in woods to catch flying prey. They subdue any prey by injecting venom.

Their diet is mainly small-to-medium-sized insects, such as grasshoppers, bees, flies, moths, etc. 

Risk:

Banana Spiders in Thailand have a reputation for inflicting painful bites. However, they are shy and not known to be aggressive towards humans. So, they rarely bite. If they do, it’s in self-defense.

These bites may cause mild pain and slight redness in the bite area. They generally cause no permanent harm, but there may be some symptoms. In most cases, their venom is not enough to harm a healthy adult human. However, in cases of severe reactions, it is recommended to seek immediate medical care.

2. Jumping Spiders

With over 6,000 separate species, Jumping Spiders are the largest family of spiders. They are pretty small (around 2-20 mm) in size. They can be identified by the four large eyes on their heads, equipping them with superior vision compared to other spiders.

This gives them an incredible ability for courtship, hunting, and navigation. These spiders move relatively slowly but can perform agile jumps when hunting and responding to sudden threats. (6, 7, 8, 9) 

Habitat:

Jumping spiders can be found in a variety of habitats in Thailand. This includes tropical forests (where they are found the most), deserts, and brush lands. They are also present in mountainous regions – and are even seen on the slopes of Mount Everest.

Diet:

Jumping spiders are hunters, and their hunting behavior is often compared to that of cats. With incredible vision, they can stalk and attack any prey from a distance. When it is time to strike, they can jump up to 20 times their body length to capture their prey.

They typically eat ants, flies, and grasshoppers. Although they are predators, some species have been known to include nectar in their diets.

Risk:

Jumping Spiders of Thailand are poisonous but not considered a dangerous species to humans. They only bite humans in self-defense. They do possess fangs and produce venom, but the venom is generally not a medical concern.

Those who do get bitten may get a red or swollen area. In more severe cases, there can be some pain.

3. Cave Spiders

Thailand’s Cave Spiders (also known as Mediterranean Recluse Spider) belong to the Loxosceles genus.

This family contains many of the most dangerous spiders in Thailand and, indeed, the world. They originate from the Mediterranean region. But, nowadays, they can be found in many parts of the world.

It is believed that these cave spiders found their way to Thailand during World War II when ships transported construction materials from Japan.

They can be identified by their three pairs of two eyes organized in a triangle shape and a violin-shaped pattern on their cephalothorax (the portion of the body to which the legs attach).

Cave spiders are medium-size, with both males and females growing to approximately 7-7.5 mm in length. (Source)

Habitat:

Cave spiders are regarded as one of the most invasive species in the world. They can be found in damp areas. As their name indicates, they naturally live in caves. They can also be seen in buildings such as basements and tunnels.

Diet:

Cave spiders can feast on small insects, but their preferred meal is cockroaches and silverfish.

Risk:

Thailand Cave Spiders are poisonous but not harmful to humans. The bite of the cave spiders may cause “loxoscelism,” which causes skin necrosis (such as the death of body tissue).

This can cause severe damage; however, most cases are medically insignificant. Blistering and burning sensations may appear after being bitten for 2-8 hours.

4. Furry Spiders

Furry spiders may include wolf spiders – one of the most common in Thailand. These spiders have eight eyes with excellent eyesight, making them fantastic hunters.

They are very small and furry, with a body ranging between 10 and 35 mm in size. They have distinctive zebra-like striped legs and a tawny and brown double-barrelled body. (Source)

Habitat:

Furry spiders (or wolf spiders) will not be found in webs, as they do not spin them. They live in solitude and without a permanent home. They wander around forests and gardens, mainly grassy and leafy woodland areas.

Some species may build burrows with a trap door. During winter, they may seek shelter and move into houses and buildings in Thailand’s rural areas.

Diet:

These spiders eat insects and other invertebrates. Being brave and powerful, the large females may consume small vertebrates, such as amphibians and reptiles, if they encounter them.

Risk:

Furry spiders in Thailand are not poisonous and not aggressive. They do not threaten people, but their bites may be painful and include swelling and itchiness, or worse, if you suffer an allergic reaction.

However, some species found in Australia have previously been linked to death in humans. Fortunately, there have been no such cases reported in Thailand.

5. Bird Spiders

Bird spiders are a nickname for the famous “Thailand Black Tarantula.” These species are unique tarantulas with dark-colored, fuzzy bodies.

They are one of the larger spiders in Thailand, measuring up to 15 cm and weighing up to 42 grams. The male spiders are smaller and have a shorter lifespan than the female.

As an ‘old world’ tarantula, they tend to be more temperamental and faster-moving compared to more docile and slower ‘new world’ tarantulas. Therefore, the Thailand Black Tarantula has the propensity to bite in self-defense if they feel under threat. (Source)

▸ Check out our complete Thailand Black Tarantula Guide to learn more about their temperament and the difference between the old world and new world tarantulas.

Habitat:

Bird spiders are common in tropical forests throughout Southeast Asia. Like all tarantulas, they are fond of high humidity situations. They live underground by building a deep burrow in soil or tree bark and only leave their home to eat. Many of them can be found in Khao Sok National Park, Thailand. (View Map)

Diet:

Thailand Black Tarantulas are opportunistic carnivores, often consuming birds, lizards, frogs, and insects. 

Risk:

Bird spiders in Thailand are not very aggressive. They are actually quite nervous — however, their high willingness to be defensive means. So, there is a risk that they will bite and cause harm.

Although Thailand Black Tarantulas possess venom that can be pretty painful – their bites are not deadly unless the victim has an allergic reaction. You’ll find more safety advice in our complete guide.

6. Funnel Spiders

Thailand’s Funnel Spiders are a new species of ‘funnel-web spider’ or ‘funnel weaver spider’ from northern Thailand. They resemble the widely distributed species Allagelena opulenta from China, Korea, and Japan.

Their name is about their funnel-shaped webs. They are of medium size. The smallest spider in the Agelenidae family is about 4 mm, while the largest species can grow up to 20 mm. Their bodies are yellow and clothed with short black hair. (Source)

Habitat:

Most funnel spiders are rarely seen because they live in underground burrows or stumps, tree trunks, and plants above the ground. Their burrows are surrounded by opaque silk, and their webs are built-in grass or shrubs.

In Thailand, they live in forests or woodlands with pine trees, such as the Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. (View on Map)

Diet:

Funnel spiders prefer to feed on insects and small vertebrates, including lizards and frogs.

Risk:

Thailand Funnel Spiders are a relatively new species, and their dangers are inconclusive. If they are similar to those found in China, their venom is one of the insecticidal toxins – agelenin.

However, some of these species can be considered in the bracket of the most venomous spiders in Thailand. This is because their venom is highly toxic, which may cause very severe symptoms that can worsen over time. (Source)

The bite from one of these spiders should be treated as potentially life-threatening – although only approximately 10-15% of bites are venomous.

7. Spindly Spiders

Thailand’s Spindly Spiders can also be known as “Harvestman Spiders,” “Daddy Longlegs,” “Cellar Spiders,” etc.

They are a family of spiders containing over 1,800 species around the world. They are known to be one of the Kingdom’s least threatening to humans. They have a small body shaped like a peanut with skinny and long legs, which is difficult to see from the naked eye.

Habitat:

These spiders are found on every continent in the world except Antarctica. They usually reside in dark and damp areas, such as caves. Or, you may spot one walking up a tree within any of Thailand’s forests. Harvestman Spider also constructs their webs in attics and cellars, which is how they got their name.

Diet:

Spindly Spiders have a diet similar to most other spiders. They feast on small insects, including moths, mosquitoes, caterpillars, larvae, and slugs. Plus, anything else that is small enough to consume. 

Risk:

Spindly Spiders are not venomous as they do not have venom glands or fangs. They are not known to bite or threaten humans.

In fact, they cannot bite humans due to the size of their legs. Whatsmore, the tiny claw-like shapes on their face that are used for gripping bark and prey are too small to break human skin.

Interestingly, there is a popular myth that these spiders are the most venomous spider on earth. But no scientific research supports this, and there are no documented cases of this species biting a human.

So, if you are worried about deadly spiders in Thailand, this species is not the one to focus on.

8. Huntsman Spider

Huntsman Spiders are one of the biggest spiders in Thailand. They are 2 to 2.5 cm long and 7 to 10 cm wide. They have a leg span that can reach up to 2 cm, making them run very fast.

Like all types of spiders, females are usually larger than males. The most interesting thing is they can grow as large as 30 cm. They have a mottled brown and tan color with long, solid legs and a fuzzy body that helps them blend in with the forest’s ground.

Habitat:

Huntsman spiders do not spin a web. They would instead roam around and explore the wooden floor in forest areas. Sometimes they live in caves where their natural camouflage makes them invisible to prey.

However, they may sometimes wander into people’s homes or rural dwellings since they are considered curious spiders, as their name suggests.

Diet:

Huntsman Spiders feed on various insects. Since they do not spin webs, they hunt and inject them with venom. Besides insects, they are also known to feed on scorpions and bats. These spiders are considered helpful to have in homes. By feeding on common bugs, they can provide efficient pest control.

Risk:

Huntsman spiders are quite scared of humans. However, they may occasionally chase people. But this behavior indicates they are afraid and confused, as they dislike biting.

They only bite in self-defense if handled roughly. If you do get bitten, it can be painful. They are indeed venomous, but it is not considered dangerous.

A bite from a huntsman will often only produce moderate symptoms, such as nausea and headache. Their toxin is similar to a bee-sting which will subside in a few days.

9. Giant Orb Spiders Thailand

Giant Orb Spiders Thailand, also known as “Golden Orb-Weaver Spider,” obtained its name from the color of its golden-yellow web.

These spiders are dark greyish-brown with white hair on their heads and chests, with black with yellow spots on their backs. Female spiders are large and grow to 30–50 mm, while males grow to 5–6 mm.

Habitat

Giant Orb Spiders reside all over countries in East and Southeast Asia. They are often found in forests and gardens of tropical climates while preferring not to be in direct sunlight. 

Diet

These spiders are carnivorous. They feast on insects they can overpower (such as grasshoppers, bees, flies, etc.). Sometimes they prey on insects with a size range from 2 mm to even insects larger size than themselves.

Interestingly, they can adjust the ultraviolet radiation reflected by stripes on their body to attract prey. This makes them look like food sources for insects rather than predators. They are active during daylight hours.

Poison

Although Thailand’s Giant Orb Spiders contain venom, they are not poisonous to humans. As with many other spiders, the bite is comparable to just a bee sting, so it is not considered harmful.

Eating Spiders in Thailand

Now you’ve been given the lowdown on Thailand’s spiders – has it allayed any fears?

Now, you’ve probably heard about tourists treating themselves to “an unusual meal” in Thailand. That is, eating insects.

Well, it’s true. Insects are considered an alternative protein source by Thai people, especially those living in rural areas. There are about 200 species of edible insects in Thailand, with around 20 of these usually eaten. The most popular are silkworm pupae, bamboo worms, beetles, locusts, grasshoppers, and crickets.

Interestingly, eating these deep-fried insects has become a cultural phenomenon among tourists.

When you visit any night market in Thailand, you’ll see them for sale on street stalls. If this sounds tasty to you, check out the famous Khao San Road or Chinatown in Bangkok, Bangla Road in Phuket, Chiang Mai Walking Street, or Pattaya Walking Street, and treat yourself to this unique bar snack. (They go well with a Thai beer.)

But do they eat spiders in Thailand?

Spiders are not generally eaten in Thailand. You may see some unlovable insects sold as food at the markets, such as cockroaches, scorpions, and spiders. But it does not mean that most Thai people eat these exotic insects as common food. Fried scorpions and spiders typically cater to daring and adventurous tourists.

Moreover, although it is believed that Thai people have eaten these types of insects in the past, there is no indication that the locals still eat them nowadays.

Will I See Spiders (or Snakes) in My Hotel?

The likelihood of finding a spider or snake in your Thailand hotel room is extremely low. Although Thailand is a tropical country home to a wide variety of spiders and snakes – encountering them is very rare. Especially in major cities and urban areas. However, the chances of seeing a snake are higher than seeing a spider.

This is because coming into contact with a snake is more likely to occur during Thailand’s rainy season. Heavy rain and flooding force snake’s to move from their underground canals. They seek refuge in the home (usually gardens and toilets) in search of food. (Source)

Yet, spiders will only enter a regular household if the owner makes it a habitat that appeals to them. Therefore, it is not common to see any spiders indoors.

In the unlikely event that you encounter a spider in your well-kept urban hotel, you should not be alarmed. As you know by now, Thailand’s spiders are generally not aggressive or deadly.

The same goes for snakes in Thailand. Most of them are non-venomous, and even if they are, they do not pose a threat to people. Just refrain from provoking them!

Did you know:

Even though Thai people may fear snakes, they consider encountering them a sign of good luck and fortune, especially wealth and love. So if you do see one in Thailand, think of the positives…

What to Do if You Get Attacked by a Spider? 

As mentioned, the risk of being attacked by a spider in Thailand is low. Both venomous and non-venomous spiders do not pose an extreme threat to humans.

However, if by chance you get bitten by a spider, you should do the following immediately: (Source)

Less toxic venom or non-venomous spiders 

• Wash the area with soap and water: To reduce the chance of infection.
• Apply ice or cold compress: This will induce numbness and reduce swelling.
• Use a medicated cream: To reduce irritation and calm inflammation (consult a pharmacist).
• Bandage it up: This will protect the wound during the healing phase.
• Monitor the wound: For signs and symptoms of an infection or allergic reaction.

Venomous spiders

• Wash the area with soap and water: To prevent venom and bacteria from causing an infection.
• Apply ice or cold compress: This will induce numbness and reduce swelling.
• Seek medical care or call a doctor immediately: Although their venom is not harmful to humans, it is best to check for a possible allergic reaction, which can become dangerous.

Conclusion 

With its lush rainforests and tropical climate, Thailand is truly a hotspot for biodiversity. This includes being the home for thousands of different types of spiders.

This article has focused on the common species you may see during your visit. However, the chances are low unless you visit one of its many beautiful national parks.

But, you should not fear them. These exotic creatures come with a reputation as being deadly predators.

For insects, yes. For humans, no.

After all, as a tourist to Thailand, you are more likely to eat them than they are to eat you!

Like always, if you want to discover more about Thailand, stay guided with ThaiGuider. You might learn something you never knew about this unique country.

Bibliography

Wanless, F. R. “Spiders of the family Salticidae from the upper slopes of Everest and Makalu.” Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 3 (5, 1975): 132–136.

Robert R. Jackson et al. “Jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) that feed on nectar.” Journal of Zoology, London 255 (2001): 25–29.

Wolfgang Nentwig et al. “Distribution and medical aspects of Loxosceles rufescens, one of the most invasive spiders of the world (Araneae: Sicariidae).” Toxicon 132 (April 2017).

Saber Sadeghi et al. “Mediterranean Recluse Spider, Loxosceles rufescens (Araneae: Sicariidae) from Charkhab Cave, Southern Iran.” J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2017 March 11(1): 156–160. 

Alireza Zamani and Javad Rafinejad. “First Record of the Mediterranean Recluse Spider Loxosceles rufescens (Araneae: Sicariidae) from Iran”. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases (2014).

David L. Swanson and Richard S. Vetter. “Loxoscelism.” Clinics in Dermatology (May 2006).

Edwards, G. B. “Huntsman Spider, Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus) (Arachnida: Araneae: Sparassidae).” EDIS 2003 (16). 

Ross, J., et al. “The life cycle of Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus) (Araneae: Heteropodidae).” Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 89 (3-4, January 1982).

Prapasri Puwastien and George A. Attig. Edible insects in Thailand: An unconventional protein source? Ecology of Food and Nutrition 36 (2-4, September 1997):133-149.

The post Does Thailand Have Lots of Spiders? (Are They Poisonous) appeared first on ThaiGuider.

Despite their reputation, tarantulas are not dangerous to humans. Although they possess venom, it is a myth that this is deadly. A bite may cause pain similar to a bee sting. (Source)

Therefore, tarantulas have become one of the most popular exotic pets among arachnid enthusiasts worldwide. Whether you have a fear of tarantulas or are a fan of these furry friends, you might wonder, is there a tarantula in Thailand? Well, you’ve come to the right place.

There are four species of tarantula commonly found in Thailand – Cobalt Blue Tarantula, Thailand Zebra Leg Tarantula, Asian Fawn Tarantula, and the Thailand Black Tarantula. However, researchers have recently discovered two new species of tarantula in Thailand (the Dwarf Tarantula and Bamboo Culm Tarantula), which brings the total up to six.

With its distinctive name and all-black look, the Thailand Black Tarantula is arguably the most talked-about tarantula species in Thailand. In this article, we delve deeper into this intriguing creature.

Keep reading to learn everything there is to know about the Thailand Black Tarantula – such as where to find them, their size and temperament, safety advice, and what to do if you encounter one.

Does Thailand Have Tarantulas?

Did you know? The name tarantula is derived from Taranto, Italy, and was originally given to the wolf spider “Lycosa tarentula” in Southern Europe. (Source)

Tarantulas are typically ground-dwellers that thrive in warm temperatures (24°C – 27°C) and open areas of desert and forest ground. So, they are most commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions, such as Central and South America, Australia, Southern Asia, and Africa. (Source)

With dry and well-drained soils and a favorable climate, Thailand provides an ideal habitat for tarantulas and their ‘burrowing’ way of life. Yet, while there are more than 900 different species of tarantulas on earth, it is widely considered that there are only four types of tarantula found in Thailand.

These being:

That was until recently.

In 2017, researchers in Thailand reported a new species of Southeast Asian Dwarf Tarantula in Thailand (a new record of the tarantula genus Phlogiellus Pocock, 1897) (Source)

Whatsmore, in 2022, it was officially announced that JoCho Sippawat, a famous wildlife Youtuber in Thailand, discovered a new genus of the Bamboo Culm Tarantula inhabiting the hollow stems of bamboo plants. This species has been named “Taksinus bambus” in honor of the Thai king Taksin the Great, while Bambus is a reference to bamboo stalks. (Source)

Meaning, that the total number of tarantula species found in Thailand is now considered six.

New World vs. Old World Tarantulas

All tarantulas that live in Thailand are old-world tarantulas.

Old world tarantulas come from the eastern hemisphere, such as Asia, Europe, and Africa (i.e., the “old world”). Old world tarantulas (particularly ones native to Asia) have developed differently from the “new world tarantulas” found in the western hemisphere, such as North, South, and Central America.

They all belong to the Theraphosidae family of spiders. However, new world tarantulas have stockier bodies with more urticating hairs (bristles from their abdomens) that they flick at a threat to defend themselves. They are more docile and slower moving. Whereas old-world tarantulas tend to be more temperamental, move fast, and have a propensity to bite in self-defense. (Source)

Things to Know about Thailand Black Tarantulas

Thailand Black Tarantulas, also known as the “Bird Eating Spider” or “Earth Tiger,” is one of only a handful of tarantulas found in Thailand.

As its name suggests, a distinctive feature is the almost uniform black color without any marks. This species is distributed according to its common name in the center of Southeast Asia.

Taxonomy

Where to Find the Thai Black Tarantula in Thailand?

Thailand Black Tarantulas are common in the forests of Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Laos, Vietnam, and Thailand). Most of them are distributed in southern Myanmar and southern and eastern Thailand (near the coast of the Andaman Sea).

Khao Sok National Park is a place where Thailand Black Tarantulas are known to live in large numbers.

All tarantulas, including black tarantulas, build burrows in the soil or old tree bark using their silk. By weaving their silk into tubes through the burrows, helps alert them when their prey gets closer. Therefore, once you have made it to the forest, you’ll likely find them living in underground burrows. (Source)

How Long Do Thailand Black Tarantulas Live For?

The life cycle of the Thailand Black Tarantula is pretty much the same as any other spider and involves several phases.

In the wild, the lifespan of a female Thailand Black Tarantula is around 10 – 12 years. Males are much shorter, with a life expectancy of 2 – 3 years, as they die after reaching sexual maturity. Tarantulas as pets can live longer. Males can live up to 10 years, and females up to 30 years.

How Big Is the Thailand Black Tarantula?

The size and color of tarantulas can vary significantly depending on the species and location. Generally, they can range from 11.4 to 28 centimeters in length and weigh from 28.3 to 85 grams. (Source)

The Thailand Black Tarantula is a medium-sized species of tarantula. It can measure up to 15 centimeters in diameter, with a maximum leg span of 13 centimeters and a body span of 7 centimeters. They can weigh approximately 42 grams. As with many other spiders, females are slightly bigger than their male counterparts.

Whatsmore, all tarantulas go through a process called “molting” – essentially, they crawl out of their own skeleton by popping up the top of their head and pulling their body out. During this process, they also replace internal organs.

All tarantulas can grow bigger as they form a new exoskeleton and shed their previous smaller structure. They molt six times in the first year after hatching, then periodically once a year thereafter.

What Do Thailand Black Tarantulas’ Eat?

In the wild, Thailand Black Tarantulas live in areas with abundant food sources. So they do not have to hunt. They are opportunistic carnivores, staying motionless outside their burrow at night, waiting for suspecting prey to pass by.

Despite popular belief, tarantulas do not use a web to trap prey. However, they cleverly leave a thin line of spider silk to signal an alert when something approaches its burrow. Think of a tarantula’s version of a tripwire. (Source)

Whatsmore, they cannot see their prey approaching as they do not have good eyesight. But they can sense it through vibrations with their sensilla (sensory hair). The vibrations get stronger when their prey gets closer, and they are prepared for attack.

The diet of a Thailand Black Tarantula is usually insects, such as crickets, roaches, and mealworms. However, tarantulas can eat bigger animals than insects, such as frogs, toads, lizards, rats, and small birds. After a big meal, they do not need to eat for a month.

Can You Keep a Thailand Black Tarantula as a Pet?

Tarantulas are one of the most popular exotic pets. However, most arachnid enthusiasts keep more docile and friendlier ‘new world’ tarantulas as pets.

With Thailand Black Tarantulas being ‘old-world’ spiders, they tend to be more dangerous due to their aggressive behavior and temperament. Therefore, it is recommended that only experts and experienced keepers have them as pets. Caring for them can be pretty complicated. However, you may find them for sale in pet stores.

Their price depends on their age (adults are more expensive) and gender (males are cheaper due to their short lifespan). Typically, they are not very expensive because they are not in very high demand. As a rough guide, you should expect to pay 50-100 USD (1500-3000 THB) for one specimen.

For example, you can purchase a Thailand Black Tarantula online for under $100 USD (3,000 THB).

Are Thailand Black Tarantula’s Aggressive?

Like most tarantulas, Thailand Black Tarantulas’ are generally not terribly aggressive. They prefer to hide, intimidate, and flee from predators or people than confront them.

Therefore, they isolate themselves for most of their existence – usually hiding in underground burrows or logs. However, they can inflict harm due to their high level of willingness to take the defensive.

In the event that they encounter a predator, they will first pose with a threatening gesture.

Thailand Black Tarantula threat posture is standing up, lifting their pedipalps and the first pair of legs, and spreading the chelicerae, to prepare for self-defense.

If the provocation continues, without fleeing, they will attack a few times and finally bite. When they bite, it is quite dangerous to their prey because their fangs contain venom.

Whatsmore, all tarantulas can be more aggressive during the mating season, hunting time, or even when they have a ferocious appetite. This is because of their self-preservation instincts. Therefore, the temperament of a Thailand Black Tarantula is not easy to handle during this time. (Source) (Source)

Is the Thailand Black Tarantula Poisonous?

It is true that all tarantulas, including Thailand Black Tarantulas, are poisonous which can be deadly or have paralyzing effects on insects or even lab rats. However, tarantula toxicity and tarantula-related injury in humans are rare occurrences.

There is a famous myth from 11th century Southern Italy, that “Tarantism,” (a form of hysteric behavior), was caused by a bite of the wolf spider Lycosa tarantula. This popular belief led people to think that tarantulas are dangerous to humans. (Source)

While tarantulas do possess venom, most injuries to humans are related to irritation from the urticating’s hairs on their abdomen. (Source)

What Happens if You Get Bitten by a Tarantula?

The venom of a tarantula is in no way near toxic enough to pose a threat to humans and has no extreme effects.

People who do get bitten by a tarantula tend to suffer from local symptoms similar to a bee sting for several hours. Such as itching, swelling, and mild-severe pain. Sometimes bites can be painless, and symptoms may be delayed for hours or days, depending on the species. 

People who are exposed to tarantulas’ hair can lead to irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. If you are bitten by a tarantula or exposed to its urticating’s hairs, there will be no long-term damage in most cases.

However, some people can be allergic to tarantula venom. In this case, symptoms that may occur are shortness of breath, swelling of the eyelids, itchiness, skin rash, swelling of the lips and throat, tachycardia heartbeat, low blood pressure, and poor circulation (loss of blood flow to organs).

What Should You Do if You Get Attacked by a Tarantula?

The risks of being bitten by any tarantula or experiencing the irritating contact of its hairs are low. However, to prevent such problems, simply avoid encountering them. If you come into contact with one, always keep your face and important body parts at a distance.

Bites

If Thailand Black Tarantula bites, you should do the following immediately:

• Wash the area of the bite with soap and water to reduce the chance of infection
• Apply a cool compress or an ice cube to induce numbness and reduce swelling for 10 minutes and then off for 10 minutes
• Apply a paste of powder with water to decrease irritation
• Apply a cortisone or Benadryl cream to reduce irritation
• Watch out for signs or symptoms of an infection or allergic reactions

Flicked hairs

If a tarantula flicks thousands of tiny hairs toward you, you may experience more issues than a bite– especially if their hairs enter your respiratory tract or eyes.

In that event, you should do the following immediately:

• Be careful not to inhale any of the urticating’s hairs and not to touch your eyes
• If possible, apply duct tape or use tweezers to remove hair from your skin as many hairs as you can 
• Apply a steroid cream to the affected area for several days
• Watch out for signs or symptoms of an infection or allergic reaction

However, suppose you get any allergic reactions or symptoms mentioned above. In that case, you should immediately seek medical attention from a doctor or call an emergency to be advised on proper safety precautions.

You can contact the National Institute for Emergency Medicine by calling the national toll-free general health emergency hotline “1669” from anywhere in Thailand. They will give you further instructions.

Conclusion 

Thailand Black Tarantulas are common in Southeast Asia, but it is unlikely that you will come into contact with one during your visit to Thailand. This is because they generally prefer to hide underground.

But if you encounter one and are accidentally attacked, it is not a danger because their venoms are harmless to humans. But if your symptoms involve an allergic reaction, then seek medical help.

Overall, you are better off avoiding them during your trip, and it is not difficult to do so. However, if you are an arachnid enthusiast, then an excellent place to find Thailand Black Tarantulas is in Khao Sok National Park.

Perhaps you can follow in JoCho Sippawat’s footsteps and find the next tarantula species in Thailand!

The post Thailand Black Tarantula Guide: Size, Temperament & Safety appeared first on ThaiGuider.

Bangkok has a long-standing reputation for being a dirty city. However, the term “dirty” can be hard to define. People have different versions of what they would deem dirty. That’s because cleanliness is subjective. So, is Bangkok a clean or dirty city?

Bangkok is not the cleanest city in the world, but it is relatively clean overall. Like any metropolis of 10 million people, some outer areas can be on the dirtier side with slums and littering. However, the downtown business district and top tourist destination spots tend to be spotless.

But, before giving verdicts about Bangkok’s cleanliness, let’s look at both ends of the spectrum – what makes Bangkok clean and what makes it dirty.

4 Reasons Why Bangkok Is a Clean City

1. Culture as the center of its cleanliness

Religion and tradition also play a significant role in the city’s cleanliness. With 40,000 temples in the city, Thai people value gloriousness with modesty and purity. Amongst all traditional attractions, Wat Pho, home to the reclining Buddha, stands out the most. Every staff member is committed to making sure that the precinct is always lovely and clean.

Cleaning practices are also highly respected, especially by Buddhist monks in the region. They sweep, polish, wash, and tidy their ways to inner peace. Thai Buddhists receive daily duties of cleaning or offering prayers at the temple, from which others are also invited to come to pay their help and respects.

On Earth Day this year, Buddhists lit 33,000 candles around the Golden Shrine, attempting a Guinness World Record for the most significant flame image. This commemorated their message of “cleanse the mind, cleanse the world.”

2. The people of Bangkok

Local people, especially the younger Thai people, are very well-disciplined, and this can be seen in the instances where there is no trash found after the mobs have been cleared from the protest sites. Moreover, several trash cans around the city are labeled as ‘recycle,’ ‘plastic,’ and ‘waste,’ an effort by the government to encourage recycling and reduce plastic.

Thai people live amongst humid and high temperatures, with no seasonal changes and annual temperatures all year round. You will often notice that when interacting with locals that Thai people have a unique code of hygiene. Thais usually shower two, three, or even four times a day.

Even before the pandemic, Thai people were wearing masks for the purpose of pollution. They were way ahead of the world when it came to sanitation and preventive measures. In the same way, national parks like Lumphini give the perfect impression of modern-day Bangkok and its people – greenery, lakes, athleisure, and wildlife.

3. Public transportation

Bangkok’s best things are its BTS (no, not the famous Kpop boy band, but an abbreviation for the Bangkok Mass Transit System) and the MRT (Metropolitan Rapid Transit). These trains are clean and can take you to almost everywhere in the city in relative comfort.

The BTS Skytrain is kept clean because of rules and regulations. Eating food is prohibited inside the train. Also, you are not allowed to bring on Durian onto the train (a popular yet smelly fruit in Thailand).

The trains can be very jam-packed with students and office goers during crowded hours but remain in good condition. The train stations are also immaculate and safe even at night. Buses are also another good option for transportation in the city, especially if you take the new air-conditioned vehicles.

The best part is that all these options are not only clean and comfortable to travel around with, but they are also very cheap. They cost only around 25-40 THB per ride, depending on the distance.

4. Luxurious and modern areas of Bangkok

Bangkok is insanely clean when it comes to its lavish, air-conditioned malls. Consuming as much power as entire provinces, they are amongst the biggest shopping malls in the world. There is no doubt that the mega malls and shopping outlets are pristine.

The same goes for outdoor markets such as Chatuchak, a place regularly visited by tourists and constitutes the most significant local market in the city.

ICONSIAM, a 750,000 square foot mall alongside the bank of the Chao Phraya River and referred to as “Mother of All Malls,” is one of those clean tourist attractions. With expensive brands such as Louis Vuitton and Gucci, the entire ground floor of Icon Siam depicts “picture-perfect Bangkok.” It is built to resemble a dream-like floating market with colorful lights, playful food stalls, and traditional clothing.

However, the same can’t be said for Bangkok’s actual floating markets, such as Damneon Sauak, with polluted green water, visible trash, and some extent of smell. Boats often get trapped amongst traffic as many tourists are asked to go along the market at once.

And, if you were to see other outdoor areas, such as the famous “Night Market” on Sukhumvit road, you would get a different perspective as well – thrifted clothes, garbage, and a crowded nightlife.

4 Reasons Why Bangkok Is a Dirty City

So, despite these systems of cleanliness, Bangkok still has its grungier side. Here are some reasons that might be responsible for its ‘dirty city’ reputation.

1. Flooding

Floods are a massive problem in Bangkok. They bring more traffic jams due to road blockages, hygiene problems from the dirty water, and of course, familiar sights of cars breaking down on the roadsides.

The city expansion projects and the poor infrastructure designs are the main reasons Bangkok and its nearby areas are constantly experiencing floods every year.

If you visit Bangkok during Thailand’s rainy season prepare to see roads flooded in the city center. Particularly in September and October, when there is a heavy downpour, Bangkok’s streets turn into rivers very quickly. You are guaranteed to get your feet wet. To make matters worse, the drains rise so the water is a murky brown.

The chances are that if you experience a flood while visiting Bangkok, your verdict will lean towards the narrative of Bangkok being a dirty place. 

2. Slums and street vendors

There are problems with the cleanliness of the city when it comes to homelessness. And this goes beyond the homeless people you see on the streets or sleeping under bus stops. In 2020, 6.8% of Thailand’s population lived below the national poverty line. (Source)

Khlong Toey:

Even though it’s a rare sight to see slums in an ever-developing city like Bangkok, areas such as Khlong Toey exist right in the heart of the city. Khlong Toey area is about 1.5 square kilometers in size and consists of relatively low and swamp-like land. The majority of the homes there are on stilts over the polluted, stagnant water. This area is also prone to flooding during the rainy season.

There are over 100,000 residents in the Khlong Toey area, and many of them still do not own the homes in which they live, although they have been living there for decades.

Street Food:

As for the street vendors, they were once considered the backbone of the city’s roadside economy. Since 2016, the Bangkok Administration (BMA) has moved 20,000 street vendors across 478 locations, admitting hygiene issues and poor maintenance.

Since then, there has been an emphasis on the importance of street food for low-income workers and customers who travel far to come work in the city. While working to improve these measures, the vendors are expected to keep their stations clean.

3. Air pollution

Even long before the Covid started in 2020, masks were worn regularly due to the PM rate of 2.5 in the city. In January 2019, the government ordered many schools to be closed due to a particularly heavy haze that lasted for several weeks. (Source)

It is common in Bangkok to see smog and experience hazy weather, especially during the dry seasons. The notoriously famous Bangkok traffic is one of the main factors in causing air pollution, the factories located near the outskirts of Bangkok, and the construction sites in the city.

During the rainy season, the air quality index shows positive results, but with rain comes another main problem in this city: flooding. Even with the air pollution problem, Bangkok ranked 48th out of 68 cities in Thailand for a clean database record. (Source) 

4. Governmental awareness

It is no surprise that with 20 million annual tourists and a congested population, Bangkok is suffering from being at its most clean level. However, the city is working on significant projects to help solve this issue.

Enter Bangkok 250 is a project initiated under the Urban Design and Development Center, hoping to tackle urban regeneration and make Bangkok more “livable” by 2032.

This includes one of the significant problems that formed Chaophraya Sky Park. This project also promises to reduce greenhouse gases by 20-30% by the year 2030. With 11 new parks to open up, this is just the beginning of the future vision for Bangkok.

The UN is also working closely to tackle Bangkok’s air pollution impact, which was reduced by 22% since the cleaning and isolation measures induced during the pandemic.

Bangkok’s Dirty Reputation: Truth or Misconception? 

It is evident that Bangkok is a city of many perspectives. With its occasional garbage and pollution, the city might not be as clean as the likes of Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, or Tokyo.

However, compared to other countries in the developing SEA region, Bangkok has its fair share of cleanliness. It is home to some of the most popular tourist attractions globally, which are luxurious, polished, and spotless places to visit.

While Bangkok is working to tackle its population, measures are being taken to ensure that the city becomes “green,” environmentally friendly, and cleaner than ever before. It is expected that the government will continue to self-clean and preserve the city’s beauty.

But whatever you think about Bangkok’s level of cleanliness, there is no doubt that the city’s grungier sides all add to its unique character.

Like always, if you want to discover more about Thailand, stay guided with ThaiGuider. You might learn something you never knew about this unique country.

The post Is Bangkok a Clean or Dirty City? (Truth vs. Reputation) appeared first on ThaiGuider.

Koh Samui is known as Thailand’s second-largest island. Known for coconut groves, mountainous rainforests, palm-fringed trees, and luxury resorts, the landmark is considered Thailand’s safest spot. Ko Samui is located in the Gulf of Thailand off the east coast of Kra Isthmus, protecting it from tsunamis.

While there has been tremendous damage from previous natural disasters, the more dangerous parts of the country are more prepared. Yet, there is a low-level risk of further tsunamis impacting the region anytime soon. The 2004 tsunami, however, left no impact on Ko Samui, as other societies were destroyed and left in ruins.

History of Disasters in Thailand

The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami occurred at 7:58 local time on 26 December, hitting the epicenter of the west coast- northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Occurring at a magnitude of 9.1-9.3, it took a staggering 230,000 lives in just a few hours (1). Under a total of 2 tidal waves, the tsunami waves hit Thailand at 19.60 meters, killing 8,212 people in the region (2).

It was the day after Christmas, an occasion when most Europeans and Americans make time to travel abroad and enjoy their vacation on a tropical island. However, none were aware that Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia would be hit by a deadly underwater earthquake (1).

The tsunami first hit the city of Banda Aceh in Indonesia. An impossible sight to imagine a 100-foot mountain of water engulfing a city of 320,000 people. Only sometime later, buildings were folded like houses of cards, and trees and cars were swept up. It was only a little while after that the fold reached Thailand, hitting the coastal provinces of Phang Nga and Phuket (1). Despite the time difference, locals and tourists were busy with activities such as swimming and walking down by the beach when the waves struck.

The last victims of the disaster were found in South Africa, swimmers who moved 5,000 miles from the quake’s epicenter. The 900-mile earthquake stretched along the Indian and Australian plated 31 miles below the ocean floor, releasing as much power as atomic bombs (1).

Thailand’s tourism industry fought back just months after the tsunami. Hitting resorts, beaches, and killing locals and foreign guests had a huge personal effect on people, such as Naorng Chairdum; his family lost their income from two tourist shops in Naiyang. Other entrepreneurs like Mr. Chaidum went out of business. Additionally, 100,000 people in the tourism sector lost their jobs, and employers were on unpaid leave (3).

In the long run, ILO worked with Thailand’s Ministry of labor to apply for enterprise within the smaller businesses. This helped create a meeting that allowed workers to express views and combat problems from the tsunami. After full reconstruction took place, Phuket would once again be known as the tourist attraction it is today.

Koh Samui Was and Is Perfectly Safe

Although the Indonesia earthquake hit the region under extreme measures, thousands of tourists visiting Koh Samui were unharmed. Home to resorts, hotels, waters, moon parties, and underwater life, the island was too far off the side of Thailand to face the consequences of the tsunami (4).

According to a report at the NationalTurk, the Indesonia quake hit the region of the far east and paradise islands, not devastating but hitting one island on the Indian Ocean (4). On the other hand, Koh Samui is known as the safest region of Thailand; it can not be affected by the shocks of earthquakes and tsunamis due to being settled on the Gulf of Thailand; protected from harm that may one day come across the Andaman Sea and the Indian Ocean.

The positions of the main earth fault line lie between the Bay of Bengal and the west coast of Myanmar, Indonesia, and Thailand- Koh Samui, located on the opposite side, is the safest place to be in the time of an earthquake-induced tsunami (5).

In light of crystalline waters, rich animal life, plants, and full moon party scenes, Koh Samui is mostly popular for the sole reason of being safe (4). Many tourists have been afraid to travel to Thailand since the 2004 events, which leaves room for some locations that promise security and protection. In addition to its tropical features, Koh Samu is noticeable for its traditional feel; there are no buildings that exceed the height of a coconut tree (6). All this together makes Koh Samui a first-class holiday location.

Tsunami Risk on Koh Samui is Statistically Very Low

While Koh Samui was not affected by the deadly aftermath of the tsunami, the chances of repeating that horrifying disaster are remote; the risk of tsunamis in the Gulf of Thailand is even smaller than to nearly impossible. Nonetheless, Thailand has awakened from this disaster. Experts, authorities, the business sector, and citizens in tsunami risk locations demand strict disaster response and evacuation plans (7).

Regardless of a tidal wave being unlikely to hit the coast soon, Paiboon Nuannin, a geophysics lecturer at Songkla University, noted that earthquake disasters are beyond human prediction; public preparedness will save lives in an unforeseen emergency situation (7).

Concerns over the tsunami re-emerged recently on social media. After a deadly tsunami that recently hit the Indonesian city of Palu, Thai people became fearful of having a similar news headline as the 1200 people killed (7). There is a caution that Thailand’s two coastlines- the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand are not entirely safe from tsunami disasters. Paiboon discusses the long subduction zone beneath the Andaman Sea, which could have enough capacity to regenerate an earthquake, triggering a tsunami in the Andaman coast once again (7).

However, interviews with elderly from the Andaman provinces suggest that no one could remember a tsunami disaster hitting the Andaman coast in their lifetime, even before the tsunami that hit Thailand in 2004. Ultimately this means that the period of a tsunami in the Andaman sea is over 100 years old or simply rare.

How Koh Samui and its Neighbors Can Continue to be Safe

Even thirteen years later, Phang Nga in southern Thailand, famous for its exquisite beaches and islands, remained fearful of the tragic events. Near the popular destination Phuket, it was hard to imagine that both places were once submerged with debris and floodwater. Families still face loss and suffering (8). Although islands across the Gulf Coast like Koh Samui were not affected, islands like Phuket were in ruins.

Schools were destroyed, resulting in their re-construction and implementation of evacuation drills. Yet, educational systems are still working to provide emergency procedures and evacuation plans (8). The United Nations Development Programme implemented a regional project around 18 countries in the Asia-Pacific region-under funding by the Government of Japan. This would focus on the five tsunami-prone schools within the province (8).

Thailand also worked closely with the Department of Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation, the Ministry of Education, the Thai Red Cross Society, and the Phang Nga Primary Education Area Office to analyze hazards and tailor preparedness plans.

Secondly, students with physical disabilities were put in an equal squall; under the principle of Leave No-One Behind, disability experts trained the Thai people on disability-inclusive disaster risk reduction. This would help disabled students be a part of evacuation plans.

Training also brought community representatives, politicians, and teachers together; surprise drills have been conducted where students follow innovative methods to ensure a calm evacuation and bring younger students down with them. Additionally, Thailand implemented scenarios to test school authorities and teachers in unforeseen instances, such as ensuring teachers realized when their students were missing (8).

Conclusion

Koh Samui was amongst the islands that faced no harm from the tsunami. It is nearly impossible to see a future tsunami hitting the Gulf Coast with its safe location and infrastructure. However, the fear amongst Thai people is still prominent even after seventeen years. With further precautionary measures, practice drills, and system evacuations, we can only hope that other islands within Thailand can withstand the damage of tsunamis.

Like always, if you want to discover more about Thailand, stay guided with ThaiGuider. You might learn something you never knew about this unique country.

References

1. Roos, Dave. The 2004 Tsunami Wiped Away Towns With ‘Mind-Boggling’ Destruction. HISTORY. [Online] September 18, 2020. www.history.com/news/deadliest-tsunami-2004-indian-ocean/.

2. WorldData. Tsunamis in Thailand. WorldData. [Online] [Cited: November 1, 2021.] https://www.worlddata.info/asia/thailand/tsunamis.php/.

3. Organization, International Labor. After The Tsunami In Thailand, The Tourist Industry Fights Back. International Labor Organization. [Online] April 11, 2005. https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/mission-and-objectives/features/WCMS_075558/lang–en/index.htm/.

4. Murat. Koh Samui Is The Only Island Tsunami Cannot Reach In Thailand. Tourism Travel Vacation. [Online] May 20, 2020. http://www.turizmtatilseyahat.com/en/koh-samui-is-the-only-island-tsunami-cannot-reach-in-thailand-4619/.

5. Brewis, Alan. Has Koh Samui Ever Had A Tsunami? Samui.TV. [Online] October 13, 2021. https://www.samui.tv/has-koh-samui-ever-had-a-tsunami/?v=5b79c40fa7c2/.

6. Samui. Koh Samui Island The only Island Without Tsunami Hazard. Holiday In Samui. [Online] July 15, 2020. https://www.holidayinsamui.com/en/koh-samui-island-the-only-island-without-tsunami-hazard/.

7. Thaiger. Tsunami Risk Is Statistically Very Low. Thaiger. [Online] October 5, 2018. https://thethaiger.com/news/national/tsunami-risk-is-statistically-very-low/.

8. Chaivichian, Aticha. 13 Years Later: Is Thailand Better Prepared For Tsunamis? UNDP in Asia and the Pacific. [Online] August 22, 2018. https://medium.com/undp-in-asia-and-the-pacific/13-years-later-is-thailand-better-prepared-for-tsunamis-ff1cc45dffdf/.

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Contrary to all assumptions, street food in Thailand is no riskier than eating a famous cuisine. You are just as likely to get food poisoning from a luxury restaurant. The only difference with street food is that you can see the food being prepared right before you.

This article will discuss why Thailand’s street food is safe to consume, as long as you follow a local guide to healthy eating.

Thai street food is cheap yet incredibly delicious; a typical Thai meal will cost you around 30-100 baht ($1-3). Walking around the city, you will come across various street vendors servicing snacks, drinks, and meals; noodles, grilled pork, fried dishes, smoothies, and fruits are some of the popular options.

Is Street Food Safe? Watch Your Food Being Cooked

One of the essential elements of the culinary world involves sanitary precautions and ingredients. As humans, we strive for food that not only makes us complete but is healthy for us to consume; allergies, diseases, and even pandemics are factors that have us second-guessing our meal choices. One of the most significant advantages of street food is that we can see what is happening before our eyes.

High-end restaurants are well-known for meeting the standards of the elite class; air-conditioning, a pleasing aroma, classical music, luxurious menus, expensive cutlery, and food presentation are elements that qualify to be pristine. The only difference is that we cannot see how the food is prepared and whether or not we will get what we asked for until it reaches our table.

In Thailand, most street vendors make fresh food that is made just before us. All food is cut, grilled, and seasoned right in front of the customers. This way, locals and tourists can see the ingredients used and whether or not the worker took precautionary measures, washed their hands, or touched something terrible. Additionally, this allows the customer to see if the dishes and utensils being used are clean.

Street vendors in Thailand usually consist of 1-2 people per stall, so it is essential to witness how the worker interacts with other customers; do they touch the money with the same hands that were preparing the food? Small interactions like such can give context to how cautious the street vendor is.

What You Should Stay Cautious Of When Eating Street Food

Although most street vendors provide healthy alternatives such as ice cream, waffles, crackers, and chips, vegetables and fruit can easily carry bacteria. It is safer to buy fruits that come with a peel; dragon fruit, mangosteen, and pineapple are examples.

Another essential element is the temperature; you must adequately heat all meals to avoid uncooked food. The longer you wait, the larger the risk; eat cooked foods as soon as they come off the heat, near or above 60 degrees Fahrenheit.

Tourists are also quick to question the spiciness of Thai foods, which is why street vendors make it more easily convenient for the customers to tell the server what level of spice they prefer.

Additionally, it is better to avoid juices and smoothies commonly made of tap water; factory-produced ice is available at some stalls. Moreover, sauces are additional condiments offered at stalls; these are not always fresh as they are meant to be refrigerated.

Lastly, you should consider eating small amounts or simple dishes if you worry about getting sick. Street vendors have a variety of options and size requirements, such as snacks, appetizers, and meals. You can always opt for a smaller meal when taste-testing; some might offer you a taste of their food anyways.

Stay Safe by Finding Popular Stalls That Specialize in Dishes

Locals are experienced in knowing the best and safest places to eat. You will find that thousands of people prefer street food; it is one of the most convenient places to eat, especially for lower-income or employees who only have short lunch breaks from work.

Many are quick to know what dishes have been sitting there for hours or those made fresh. It is best to follow in their footsteps and see what most locals prefer to eat on a daily basis.

When looking for street vendors in Thailand, consider the local time that people generally go to eat. If you are a tourist looking to experiment, you might have the freshest food during those three meal periods – keeping in mind that Thai’s eat rather early.

Another essential element is looking for street vendors that specialize in one to two dishes. This means that they will be working with the same ingredients and materials throughout their business; food will be made fresh and healthy, and full attention will be given to those specific meals.

Remember that not all food vendors are the same; if you go to the more poor areas of the city, you will not find the same attraction as those who specialize in the tourism business.

Popular tourist food vendors are found in Khao San Road, Soi Cowboy, and Patpong. Some of these even offer you the opportunity to cook the food on your own. However, many of these markets are famous for providing unique foods such as scorpions, crickets, and forms – not an option for the faint-hearted.

8 Famous Street Food Dishes You Should Try

With a bewildering variety of food options, Thailand is the world’s top destination for street food. Thai’s are well known for incorporating ingredients such as lemon grade, fish sauce, and using a lot of limes and chilies within their meals. If you are a tourist looking to try some of the best dishes, here are just a few promising options:

1. Papaya Salad

Papaya Salad is a spicy salad made from shredded unripe papaya. It originates from ethnic Lao people and is a common Thai cuisine. Known as one of the healthiest foods in the country, it contains a large number of vegetables, fresh herbs, spices, and lean proteins. Regardless, Thai dishes are always high in defined cards, sugars, and salt.

Som Tam is a popular green papaya salad; it has the benefits of any vegetable salad and is full of fiber and minerals.

2. Pad Thai

Pad Thai is a traditional meal consisting of fried Thai noodles. This is the most famous street food made of stir-fried rice noodles, tamarind, tofu, shrimp, shallots, fish sauce, palm sugar, lime, red chili peppers, peanuts, and vegetables.

The flavor of the dish is centered around a sweet-savory fusion. It is salty, nutty, and sweet. They also come in different varieties with some using fish, others chicken, and even tofu.

3. Khao Pad

Kaho Pad is famous Thai jasmine rice; it includes meat, soy sauce, fish sauce, salt, sugar, chili, and vegetables. Known as a famous side dish, it is a typical restaurant and street food; it is a blend of seafood, meats, and rice cooked in oil.

4. Khao Soi

Khao Soi is a bowl of egg noodles, served with children in a curry soup. This is a unique dish that Myanmar has influenced across the border. It is popularly eaten in the roadside stalls of Chiang Mai.

5. Thai Omelette

A super simple dish is the breakfast Thai omelet; it is also eaten as a snack. While adding fish sauce and sweet chili for more flavor, this is one of the country’s most popular and cheap breakfasts.

6. Poh Pia Tod

Poh Pia Tod is Thailand’s most popular spring roll; they come in various fillings like vegetables, rice noodles, and meat.

7. Guay Tiew Nam Kohn

Guay Tiew Nam Kohn is Thai beef noodles. Served as a mixture of light broth and egg noodles, these are famous all across East Asia. It was adapted from a Chinese cuisine that Thai’s recreated with their own style; they also use meatballs, dumplings, roast pork, and egg pastry as their essential components.

8. Mango Sticky Rice and Coconut Ice Cream

If you are looking for something sweet, mango sticky rice and coconut ice cream are the two top traditional desserts for those with a sweet tooth. Mango sticky rice originated from Thailand, where South and Southeast Asians enjoy the conventional meal, also referred to as Khao Neow Ma Muang; a traditional summer dessert made of coconut milk, sugar/palm sugar, mangoes, and rice.

Coconuts also contribute to Thailand’s economy and are used in a variety of dishes and drinks. They also served as an essential economic crop in Thailand for centuries; the milk refreshers are known to provide essential fiber.

How the Government is Working to Make Street Food Even Safer

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations recently worked under the World Health Organization (WHO) to discuss the improvement of Thailand’s street vendors. It was found that most locals do not have the time to cook home meals or commute long distances during work hours. For this reason, thousands of locals are dependent on street stalls. This is a plus for the tourism business, where foreigners can get a taste of Thailand’s unique culture while walking down the streets.

The international help ensures that there would be good sanitation of all street vendors in Thailand, especially since its initiation in 1989. The Department of Health and Ministry of Public Health, alongside the Tourism Authority of Thailand, is working to initiate the “Clean Food Good Taste” project.

The project is designed to:

• Reduce the risk of food-borne diseases
• Promote clean and sanitary food services
• Support local authorities and tourists in managing safe food to be consumed

The project also provides a few safety tips for tourists and locals who regularly visit or are new to street food.

1. Always visit busy restaurants: stalls with more attention are also quick to finish with their food supply, so they always come with fresh ingredients.
2. Ask questions before you order: mention any allergies, spiciness levels, or whether you require something to be without MSG, halal, less sweet, or not sweet.
3. Aim for stalls that are not crawling with flies.
4. Avoid drinking water other than bottled water with the concern of poorly produced ice or use of tap water.
5. Pick clean stalls; do not risk unsanitary precautions for the sake of a quick bite.
6. Always bring medicine from home. Additionally, Thai pharmacies offer cheap alternatives, but this can become difficult to ask for with the language barrier.
7. Maybe don’t go for food experimentation right before a flight!

Conclusion

All in all, street food can be a questionable option, but ultimately it’s mostly safe, as long as you take the proper precautions. Like many other countries, Thailand is not the cleanest in the world; however, they are working under initiatives and challenges to adapt to the changing generation.

Especially since the rise of the pandemic, it has been an immense challenge for the government to make street vendors even cleaner than they were before. As street vendors continue to fight for their place, they are working to improve their sanitary standards.

As the tourism business is soon to open up again, all food must be tasty and presentable. It all depends on picking the right stall and being open to communication and change. Ultimately, it comes down to making intelligent decisions for food choices. One wrong decision can get you sick from anywhere!

The post Is Street Food Safe to Eat in Thailand? (8 Popular Dishes) appeared first on ThaiGuider.